The Life and Music of Cyril Devouge - Part 2

In this second part of our series on the life and music of Gaspesian fiddler Cyril Devouge we will look specifically at his fiddle music. We will look at a couple of tunes and at the bottom of the article, I have provided a link where I break down his tunes for the fiddle playing readers who wish to learn some of Cyril's music.

Perhaps the most enjoyable aspect of Cyril's music is his playful approach to the tunes. He dresses them up and adds a lot of cute "jiggles" and "hooks" as he likes to call them. Where other fiddlers would be content to just hold a note plainly, Cyril will almost never miss an opportunity to frill that note up a bit using several techniques we will discuss. On another level, I really feel that Cyril's personality is perfectly captured in his fiddle music: mischievous, playful, joyous, and teasing are some of his personal qualities that come across so well in his tunes.

The first tune we will look at Cyril says he learned from his father, Leslie Devouge. As Cyril doesn't have names for most of his tunes, we have been calling it Leslie Devouge's Tune. It is a really cute mid-tempo tune in G that is related in the second strain to the Ronfleuse Gobeil (Snoring Miss Gobeil) which is in D. I first learned this tune from Cyril's lilting which was just a little different from the recording below in one phrase. He lilted this syncopated lick that I worked out on the fiddle and when I played it back for him he was adamant when he said that I played it exactly like he used to. I guess he worked out several variations of this phrase throughout his fiddle playing career and the one he lilted is not on the recording where he is playing the fiddle. Anyhow, I really like the lick he lilted and you can hear this down at the bottom of the article where I play a few of Cyril's tunes and break them down for those wanting to learn a few of his tunes.

Hear Leslie Devouge's Tune

The second tune is one Cyril learned from an older Gaspesian man named Arty Savidant who was from the town of York, just outside of Gaspé. Cyril tells us he remembers hearing this when he was young, sitting outside Haldimand Hall on the grass and listening to Arty play for a square dance. Jean Carignan and Louis Beaudoin both also played this tune. Carignan recorded in 1958 as the first tune of a medley called Danse de la Victoire on the record "Ti-Jean... le violoneux" ( London MB-4). Isidore Soucy also recorded it in 1927 as under the title Quadrille Laurier 1ère Partie, which isn't really a tune title but seems to refer to a dance that this tune would accompany. This tune really has a fantastic drive and Cyril interprets the phrasing a little different than Jean Carignan which I really like, adding a couple extra notes at the beginning of the tune. Thanks to Marc Bolduc and Laura Risk for helping us out with the info on the Carignan and Soucy recordings.

Hear Arty Savidant's Tune

For the next tune, I'd like to repost a tune we put up earlier last year, just because I really think it showcases one of Cyril's complex syncopated bowing patterns that he used a lot. This bowing pattern (or lick) is really the backbone of this tune and is featured most heavily in the low part. We call this tune Cyril Devouge's Hornpipe in honour of the man himself. Thanks to Jimmy Allen from New Jersey who captured Cyril playing this at Pembroke in the 1980s.

Hear Cyril Devouge's Hornpipe

I really love the way that Cyril can give a tune a rolling quality and the next three tunes are examples of these. Cyril told me that the old-timers like his dad and Little Willie White used to "roll" the tunes and that's what made their playing so beautiful.

The first is Cyril's take on the classic standard the Cuckoo's Nest. Here we have a rare example of Cyril playing in the key of D (most of his tunes were in G). I really love his rolling bow on the high part of this tune.

Hear the Cuckoo's Nest

Next, we look at another untitled G tune that Cyril gets a lovely rolling bow on. This is a really beautiful, notey hornpipe with some nice rolling phrases in both sections. I can't get enough of this tune, this is really higher level fiddling here.  (update 2015-04-06: Lorne Snowman from Gaspé informed us that this is one of Eddy Poirier's compositions and is called "Crossing the Old Bridge").

Hear Crossing the Old Bridge

Finally, the third rolling tune we'll look at is a tune that Cyril really gets nice feel on. Some other French Canadian players have recorded this tune, though the French titles escape me right now (Jean Carignan recorded this). Cyril learned this tune from his best fiddling friend growing up, Roland White of Bois-Brulé just down the road from L'Anse à Brillant. We call this tune Roland White's tune. Neil MacKay's father used to play this tune and he gives it a go after Cyril. As is Cyril's custom, he gives Neil a bit of a ribbing for not putting in the little "hooks" on one part of the tune and demonstrates what he means.

Hear Roland White's tune

A special thanks to Brigid Miller (Drody) for supplying us with the cassettes of her and Cyril playing at her house back in the 1990's. Most of these recordings are from her tapes. Brigid really plays some great backup here and the guitar players out there can learn a lot from her bass walks and interesting old-time strumming patterns. I would also like to thank Cyril for letting me post these recordings and for being a really great fiddle teacher. He's really given me a better understanding the Gaspé sound and has always been very patient with me when teaching me a new "jiggle" or "hook" in one of his tunes.

For all our fiddle playing readers out there who would like to learn some of Cyril's tunes, I've recorded myself playing, then breaking down, a couple of Cyril's tunes. I started by transcribing these tunes in standard notation but quickly realized a lot of Cyril's style is either too difficult or impossible to capture with lines and dots. Learning by ear is the best way to go and I play the tunes slowly and teach them one phrase at a time.

Here is a folder where you can listen and download mp3's of me breaking these tunes down.

We hope you enjoy Cyril's music and that some of the fiddle players out there can pick up his tunes. They are a lively bunch!

The Life and Music of Cyril Devouge - Part 1

Cyril Devouge - Truro, Nova Scotia, 2007

Today I will begin a two-part series about the great Gaspesian fiddle player and all-original character, Cyril Devouge. We wrote about Cyril previously, but as I've come to know him better over the past half a year, and studied his tunes and fiddle style, I thought it was due time to go into a little more depth on the man, his life, and his music. The first part of this series will focus on the man himself, his beginnings, and his family and community. The second part will focus on his music. I'd like to thank Cyril's daughter Trena Devouge-Stirling for supplying the wonderful photos.

Brian and I met Cyril last May (2010) for the first time at his senior's home in Chateauguay on Montreal's South Shore. We were immediately struck by a truly amazing person and a great spirit. At 95, he is still able to spend a whole afternoon telling jokes, riddles, and stories about his life and Gaspesian roots. Though he can no longer play the fiddle, Cyril is a natural entertainer in the full sense of the word. He has an unbeatable old-time sense of humour, great disposition, and can still sing songs and play several of the great fiddle tunes he learned growing up on the mouth organ. In all, he is just a really joyful person, and I feel that people like Cyril are really a rare-breed these days.

Leslie Devouge - Siscoe Mines

Cyril was born into a musical family in 1915 in L'Anse à Brillant (Brilliant Cove) on the Gaspé coast, not far from Douglastown. Both his father and mother, Leslie and Ruby Devouge played the fiddle. His brothers Denzil, Glen, and Herzil also learned the fiddle growing up. Cyril tells us that his mother would say "There were four brothers and there used to be nails to hang up the four fiddles on the wall, and the four of them were never all hanging there together at the same time. And that's what finally drove me crazy". His father, Austin "Leslie" Devouge in particular, was a very big influence on Cyril's sound and a source of many of his tunes. Cyril's grandfather, Elias Devouge, also played fiddle. I'm not sure how far back fiddle playing goes in Cyril's family, but the Devouge's originally came over from Normandy, France about 1830. As Cyril's grandfather would have been born in this same century it is not to hard to imagine that fiddling entered the Devouge family very early after they settled in Quebec.

Cyril's grandfather and father were both cod fisherman based out of the wharf at L'Anse à Brillant and like most fisherman, would be gone during the week and only return on the weekends. They were known to venture as far as Anticosti Island in search of the cod. Due to the rigours of life as a fisherman, Cyril's father would only play the fiddle on Sundays.

Elias "Gappy" Devouge

Though originally from France, soon after settling in Quebec many of Gaspé's Devouges became assimilated in the strong English-speaking culture of the Gaspé coast. I recently asked Cyril if he ever spoke French and in his classic manner he quipped, "I can only speak two languages: English and Profane".

Cyril knew most of the older generation of great fiddle players local to the Gaspé coast. Talking with Cyril and Brigid during our visits, it has become clear the English speaking communities along the coast at villages including York, Haldimand, Douglastown, L'Anse a Brillant, Bois-Brulé, Malbay, and Barachois were once a hotbed of old-time fiddlers and step-dancers. Most families seem to have had at least one family member who played the fiddle or step-danced. Some of the names he has mentioned to us include Captain Bill Lucas, Mervin Hudgins (step-dancer), Arty Savidant, James Henry Connelly, Roland White, and Adolphus and Elias McKay. Cyril recalls that many dances were held at Haldimand Hall, though spontaneous square-dances were known to happen during house parties. When the weather was amenable, sometimes the locals would just throw down a few boards of wood, grab one of the local fiddlers, and have a dance outside.

Roland White of Bois-Brulé

Another big influence on Cyril's fiddle playing was that of his best friend growing up, Roland White of the White family of Bois-Brulé. Cyril and Roland would get together and swap tunes with one another. Many of Cyril's tunes that we have on recording come from Roland White. Cyril told us that once married, he would take the wife and kids over to Roland White's place where they would fiddle and have a get-together every Saturday afternoon.

Cyril Devouge

Cyril often talks about how much laughing there used to be among his community growing-up. It seems there were some real characters out on the coast. In particular, Hansen McCauley, Cyril and many others will tell you was the funniest man they ever met, "If he couldn't make you laugh, he wouldn't talk to you". Cyril himself is renowned among friends and family for his devilish sense of humour and he will have you buying right into many a tall-tale. When he left home at age sixteen to go work in the Siscoe Gold Mine (on an island in the middle of Kienawisik Lake near Val-d'Or, Quebec), his grandmother teasingly told him before leaving, "Cy, I want you to know that wherever you go, you will always be a tormenter".

Highly intelligent, Cyril is a man of many talents. In addition to his music and story-telling skills, throughout his life Cyril has been a superb carpenter and mechanic. He has secret remedies for just about any mechanical woe you could imagine and was responsible for maintaining the snow plows at the Kahnawake reservation on Montreal's South Shore. He recently told me how after they bent apart one of the shovels, he bent it back in place and spot-welded it back together so well that they are still using that shovel to this day. He even fashioned his own fiddle bridge by whittling down a beef bone that he reports, "the dog brought me one day". An old man in Douglastown once told him that the best material for a fiddle bridge is bone. Cyril's dear friend and amazing Chateauguay Valley fiddler, Neil MacKay now owns Cyril's bone-bridge fiddle. Having seen this fiddle myself I can attest that the bridge was cut just perfectly.

To hear many more of Cyril's stories and jokes, you can follow this link that we posted last year after first meeting Cyril. Cyril has a seemingly endless supply of stories and jokes and we are looking forward to future visits with him where we hope to capture more of this precious culture. In Part 2 of this article, we will take a closer look at Cyril's unique Gaspesian fiddle music.

Finally, here are some more great photos of the Devouge Family from Cyril's daughter, Trena.

The Devouge Homestead - Top of the Hill at L'Anse a Brillant

Cyril's grandparents, Angelina and Elias ("Gappy") Devouge

Cyril's parents, Leslie and Ruby Devouge